B016927 - ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

ITALIAN

METHODOLOGY AND DIDACTICS OF ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES (AFA) II EDITIONCLAUDIO MACCHI, FRANCESCO BENVENUTI, MASTER BOOKS, FIRENZE, 2012

The educational objectives include the understanding and the ability of students to acquire autonomy and mastery of motor activity techniques adapted to preventive purposes and in the various morbid and premorbid conditions of adults and the elderly. The conduct of all physical activity and the conduct of each session depend on the teacher (trainer). Its role is complex: it includes both the figure of the "competent technician" and professionally trained, and the figure of the animator "capable of instilling vital energy and enthusiasm; moreover, he must be able to involve the subject in all the motor activities proposed especially when he does not feel properly adequate. Attentive to the individual and to the group, he must seek an empathic relationship and must be attentive to the information coming from the participants and their needs. The AFA courses respect precise application criteria: the teachers are required to administer only and exclusively the exercises of the protocol without changing them in any way; the proposed work must not require more energy than expected and the rhythm must adapt to the skills highlighted by the subjects. The teacher is called to follow the group in an active manner and to correct the exercises that are not carried out correctly, trying to have each mobilization performed slowly and without pain, always advising the combination of breathing.
Proposals must be driving and engaging in order to stimulate an active and participatory motor response. They are required to divide, if possible, people in high and low function, or to adapt the exercises during the session; they must be attentive to the needs of the user and involve the group with proposals full of enthusiasm. The explanation of the exercises must be short and clear and, especially in the first lessons, the instructor is required to show, by performing it in person, the correct performance of the exercises; must speak loudly and well marked using an easy but correct terminology explaining the purposes of the exercises and stimulating self-correction. During the first lessons the precautions to be taken in everyday life will be proposed (such as lying down and getting up from the floor and the bed, positioning yourself in bed, lacing up your shoes, collecting objects from the ground, taking objects from above, lifting weights, relaxing on a sofa, doing housework: wash on the floor, iron, fix the bed ...). The teacher will illustrate the importance of analgesic positions, breathing and the difference between costal and diaphragmatic breathing, and will examine the positions that the subject will encounter in the AFA protocol: standing, sitting, supine, prone, in lateral decubitus. The exercises must always be performed in a dual "guarantee of safety":
• immediate safety to prevent accidents or discomfort during the lesson;
• secondary security to avoid psychological consequences, emerging as a result of the
lesson.
To prevent "accidents" during physical activity, it is a good rule that the teacher
guarantees above all to the person with low motor function, the possibility to carry out the exercises with the
necessary equipment of devices and materials (chairs, back, parallel, bar, ...) and in appropriate environmental conditions. In this way all the participants will feel more at ease and will be able to participate serenely in the group activity. This will avoid the typical psychological repercussions of those who feel inadequate in participating in a group activity (renunciation of socialization, depression, etc.).
The exercises must always be motivated also from the functional point of view, with an explanation “a
user measure ", in order to make people recognize the meaning of all movements, even those
seemingly trivial. Proposals must be driving and engaging in order to stimulate a response
active and participatory movement. In short we can summarize the main tasks of the instructor:
1. actively follow the group, guaranteeing its safety;
2. stimulate an active motor response adapting to the users' possibilities;
3. to carry out the exercises respecting the protocols, slowly and without pain and, where foreseen, associated
to breathing;
4. explain and motivate the exercises with simple terminology, in a high and well-defined voice;
5. advise the strategies and precautions to be taken during activities of daily living
6. correct any errors in the execution of the exercises

NO PREVIOUS REQUIREMENT

FRONTAL LESSONS

oral examination.
In particular, the candidate will have to answer at least 3 questions, the first one on basic topics and from which we can deduce the absence of gaps that could compromise the understanding of the principles that regulate physical education; moreover, the essential knowledge of the macroanatomy and physiology (basic elements) of the human body connected with the motor function will be taken into account

1. Integration in the experience of the chronic patient
coping
locus of control
alexithymia
combative constructs
life quality
Integration in helping professions and emotional affective models
Integration as an index of evaluation of the quality of the intervention, of the procedures and of the assistance dynamics
2. Programs and commitment of USL companies
3. Preventive evaluation of health status
Exclusion criteria and contraindications to physical activity
Exclusion criteria from the AFA program
Contraindications
Precautions
Safe execution of programs
Role of the Instructor
4. Posture flexed, back pain, effects of a sedentary lifestyle
AFA purposes and indications
Contraindications
Program entry methods and control strategies
The role of the doctor
The role of the USL company coordination center
Number of participants per exercise group and tools used
Protocol of the exercises
5. The outcome of the stroke, effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Program entry methods and control strategies
Introduction
Number of participants per exercise group and tools used
Protocol of the exercises
Exercises in the gym
Exercises for home
6. Definition of Parkinson's disease
symptomatology
Effects of medical therapy and physical activity
Secondary alterations of Parkinson's disease, effects of a sedentary lifestyle
Goals of the exercise program
Contraindications
Program entry methods and control strategies
Number of participants per exercise group
Protocol of the exercises
Exercises in the gym
Exercises for home
7. The AFA in the water
Introduction and definition
Activity characteristics
Generality
Frequency of sessions
8. AFA woman
Introduction
Generality
assumptions
Protocol
Gym activities
Activities at home


Duration of sessions
phases of the sessions
Beneficial effects of water activity
Generality
Osteo-articular apparatus
Musculoskeletal system
Cardio-circulatory system
Respiratory system
Sensitivity
Social and psychological aspect
Prevalence associated age disorders and their importance in a Water Gymnastics program
Main pathologies
Protocol of the exercises
Initial heating phase
Central phase
regeneration
Stretching exercises