B026323 - LANDSCAPE DESIGN

Italian

Italian

The course offers cultural and technical basis of Landscape Architecture for reading landscapes and developing projects for their transformation and conservation.

The course proposes cultural bases and techniques for the reading of landscapes and for their transformation and conservation projects.

Books and Papers

Balmori D. (2010). A Landscape Manifesto. Yale University Press, New Haven and London
Bell S., Sarlöv Herlin I., Stiles R. 2012, Exploring the boundaries of Landscape Architecture, Routledge, Taylor & Francis, Oxford
Bruel A.S., Delmar C. (2010). The territory as heritage. ICI Interface, Paris
Celestini G. (2018). Agire con il paesaggio. Aracne, Roma.
Corner J. (2014). The Landscape Imagination. Princeton Architectural Press, NY
Crowe S. 1981, Garden Design, Packard Publishing Limited, Funtington, West Sussex
Holden R. Liversedge J. (2014). Landscape Architecture: An Introduction. Laurence King Publishing, London
Lambertini A. (2013). Urban Beauty. Luoghi prossimi e pratiche di resistenza estetica. Editrice Compositori, Bologna
Landscape Architecture Europe Eds. (2006). Fieldwork. Birkhauser, Basel
Metta A. (2008). Paesaggi d'autore. Il Novecento in 120 progetti. Alinea, Firenze
Paolinelli G. (2018b-eng). Landscape Design in a Changing World. Dipartimento di Architettura, Firenze
Spirn A. W. 1984, The Granite Garden: Urban Nature, BasicBooks, New York
Spirn A. W. 1988, The Language of Landscape, Yale University.


Handbooks and Guide Lines

CABE (2004). The Value of Public Space. How high quality parks and public spaces create economic, social and environmental value. Cabe, London
CABE (2009). From Grey to Green. Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment. Cabe, London
CIRIA (2013). Water Sensitive Urban Design in the UK. Ideas for built environment practitioners. CIRIA, London
DTPS (2005). High performance infrastructure guidelines. Design Trust for Public Space, New York
ISPRA (2012). Glossario dinamico per l’Ambiente ed il Paesaggio. Manuali e Linee Guida, 78.1.
ISPRA (2013). Specie erbacee spontanee mediterranee per la riqualificazione di ambienti antropici. Manuali e Linee Guida, 86. ISPRA (2015b). Linee guida di forestazione urbana sostenibile per Roma Capitale. Manuali e Linee Guida, 129.
NACTO (2011). Urban Bikeway Design Guide. National Association of City Transportation Official, Boston
NACTO (2013). Urban Street Design Guide. Island Press, Washington
Trees&Design Action Group 2010, No Trees No Future. Trees in the urban realm, T&DAG, UK
Trees&Design Action Group 2011, The Canopy, T&DAG, UK
Trees&Design Action Group 2012, Trees in the Townscape. A guide for Decision Makers, T&DAG, UK
Trees&Design Action Group 2014, Trees in Hard Landscapes. A Guide for Delivery, T&DAG, UK


Journals

Architettura del paesaggio
JOLA - Journal of Landscape Architecture
TOPOS - The international review of landscape architecture and urban design


Webzines

Divisare: www.divisare.com
Landezine - landezine.com
WLA - World Landscape Architecture


Other cultural and technical references

European Landscape Convention
Sustainable Sites Initiative
Landscape Institute
LAF - Landscape Architecture Foundation

Cultura del progetto
Balmori, D. (2010). A Landscape Manifesto. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Bruel A.S., Delmar C. (2010). The territory as heritage. Paris, France: ICI Interface.
Celestini G. (2018). Agire con il paesaggio. Roma, IT: Aracne.
Clément, G. (2008). Il giardiniere planetario. Milano, IT: 22publishing.
Corrado, M., & Lambertini, A. (eds.). (2011). Atlante delle Nature Urbane: centouno voci per i paesaggi quotidiani. Bologna, IT: Editrice Compositori.
Ghosh A. (2019), La Grande Cecità. Vicenza, IT: Beat.
Kroll, L. (1999). Tutto è paesaggio. Torino, IT: Testo& Immagine.
Lambertini, A. (2013). Urban Beauty! Luoghi prossimi e pratiche di resistenza estetica. Bologna, IT: Editrice Compositori.
Paolinelli, G., (2018). Progettare trasformazioni dei paesaggi nel mondo che cambia. Firenze, IT: Didapress.
Pellegrino G., Di Paola M. (2018), Nell’Antropocene: Etica e politica alla fine di un mondo, Roma, IT: DeriveApprodi.
Zagari F. (2006). Questo è paesaggio. 48 definizioni, Roma, IT: .
Elementi per il progetto
Caldini C., Meli A. (ed.) (2014). Progettare i paesaggi periurbani. Criteri, strategie e azioni, Edifir, Firenze.
Guccione B., Paolinelli G. (2001). Piani del Verde & Piani del Paesaggio. Firenze, IT: Alinea.
Rizzo G. G. (ed) (2004). Leggere i Luoghi, Roma, IT: Aracne Editrice.
Valentini A. (2005), Progettare paesaggi di limite, Firenze, IT: Firenze University Press.
Vittadini M.R., Bolla D. & Barp A. (eds.), Spazi verdi da vivere. Il verde fa bene alla salute (pp.29-55). Saonara (PD), IT: Il Prato ed. http://www.muoversidipiu.it/files/Spazi_verdi_da_vivere.pdf
Manuali / Linee guida /
CIRIA (2013). Water Sensitive Urban Design in the UK. Ideas for built environment practitioners. CIRIA, London.
Comitato per lo Sviluppo del Verde Pubblico (2017). Linee guida per la gestione del verde urbano e prime indicazioni per una pianificazione sostenibile. Roma, IT: MATTM. https://www.minambiente.it/pagina/attivita
Comitato per lo Sviluppo del Verde Pubblico (2018). Strategia nazionale del Verde Urbano. Roma, IT: MATTM. https://www.minambiente.it/sites/default/files/archivio/allegati/comitato%20verde%20pubblico/strategia_verde_urbano.pdf
Comune di Bologna, Linee guida sull’adozione di tecniche di drenaggio urbano sostenibile per una città più resiliente ai cambiamenti climatici, Aprile 2018. http://www.blueap.eu/site/
J. Huber (2010). Low Impact Development: a Design Manual for Urban Areas,
Di Fidio M. (1993). Architettura del Paesaggio, Milano, IT: Pirola.
ISPRA (2013). Specie erbacee spontanee mediterranee per la riqualificazione di ambienti antropici. Manuali e Linee Guida, 86.
FAO (2016), Guidelines on Urban and Peri-Urban Forestry, by F. Salbitano, S. Borelli, M. Conigliaro, Y. Chen, FAO Forestry Paper 178, Rome.
Regione Piemonte (2010). Indirizzi per la qualità paesaggistica degli insediamenti. Buone pratiche per la progettazione edilizia, cura di DIPRADI-Politecnico di Torino, Savigliano (Cuneo IT): L’Artistica Ed., http://www.regione.piemonte.it/territorio/dwd/documentazione/paesaggio/BuonePraticheProgettazioneEdilizia.pdf
Oneto G. (2001). Manuale di Architettura del Paesaggio. Firenze, IT: Alinea.
Salomoni M. T. (2015). Gli alberi e la città, Dispensa 3.2, REBUS2® REnovation of Public Buildings and Urban Spaces, Regione Emilia Romagna.
Zoppi M. (2007), Progettare con il verde. Verde di città (1987). Firenze, IT: Alinea.
Riferimenti documenti comunitari
Consiglio d’Europa (2000). Convenzione Europea del Paesaggio, Firenze http://www.convenzioneeuropeapaesaggio.beniculturali.it/uploads/2010_10_12_11_22_02.pdf
European Commission (2013). Green Infrastructure (GI). Enhancing Europe’s Natural Capital. COM (2013) 249 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0249
European Commission (2015). Towards an EU Research and Innovation policy agenda for Nature-Based Solutions and Re-Naturing Cities. Final Report of the Horizon 2020 Expert Group on ‘Nature-Based Solutions and Re-Naturing Cities’ (full version). Luxembourg, LU: Publications Office of the European Union. https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/fb117980-d5aa-46df-8edc-af367cddc202
UN United Nations (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication
Riviste e cataloghi
Architettura del Paesaggio -AIAPP
JOLA Journal of Landscape Architecture
TOPOS The international review of landscape architecture and urban design
International Biennial of Landscape Architecture, ed. Paysage: “Remaking Landscapes” (1999), “Gardens in Arms” (2001), “Only with Nature” (2003), “Landscape: a Product / a Production” (2006), “Storm & stress” (2008), “Liquid Landscape” (2010), "Biennial versus Biennial" (2012), “A Landscape for You” (2014), “ Tomorrow Landscapes” (2016).
PAYS.MED.URBAN (2011). Good Practices for Landscape. Catalogue of good practices for the landscape in periurban areas.

The course aims to stimulate and support the student in the critical training of his own culture and technique of the architectural project. Teaching is aimed at acquiring the basis for the identification of landscapes and the degrees of design freedom that they express for the sustainability of their transformations.

The course aims to stimulate and support the student in his critical education on architectural design culture and technique. The teaching is aimed at the acquisition of landscapes identification bases and degrees of design freedom that they express for the sustainability of their transformations.

The course provides a basic disciplinary teaching. Anyway we recommend to deal with this course after the exams of "Analisi del territorio e degli insediamenti" (first year), “Fondamenti di urbanistica” (second year) and of the “Laboratori di progettazione dell’architettura” 1 and 2.

The course provides basic disciplinary teaching. However, it is better doing the course after the exams of "Analysis of the territory and settlements" of the first year, "Foundations of urban planning" of the second year, and the "Architectural design laboratories" 1 and 2.

The course uses complementary teaching methods: lectures, field laboratories, landscape reading and design exercises, classroom reviews to support experiential learning.
The landscape reading and design exercise will consist of an A4 report of no less than 10 pages of text and 6 tables A1 of drawings, of which at least 3 are to read the landscape and the place of study. The low quantity of drawings and texts is aimed at elevating their quality through a reasonable amount of study time to devote to the conception and to the representation and communication. The exercise can be carried out individually or in groups of no more than three students. The theme and the project development requirements will be communicated by the teachers.

The course uses complementary teaching methods: lectures, laboratories, reading and landscape design exercises, classroom reviews.
The lessons aim to provide theoretical and cultural information on landscape architecture. The landscape concept is discussed, reflecting in particular on the changes in the contemporary design approach after the European Landscape Convention. The lessons also provide a broad overview of the urban landscape design experiences of the twentieth century and in progress. Some lessons are dedicated to giving some technical information for the landscape project, useful also for exercise: methodological elements for the analysis of open spaces and for drafting the project.
The reading and landscape design exercise will consist of a book in A3 (min 10 pages, with text and images explaining the strategies and design choices) and at least 4/5 graphic tables A1. The exercise can be carried out individually or in groups of no more than 3/4 students; if you work in a group, any in-depth analyzes to be carried out individually will be evaluated. The theme and the requirements for the elaboration of the project will be communicated in the first lessons of the course.

The student is invited to take care of his graphic abilities to represent the landscape and to elaborate and communicate the landscape project.

Graphic capabilities of landscape representation and project communication are appreciated.

The development and the final discussion of the above quoted design exercise are required to take the exam. During the exam the theoretical and practical skills achieved by the students will be evaluated. The examination is also individual in case of group exercises.

To take the exam it is necessary to produce the reading and landscape design exercise, the theoretical and practical skills achieved by the students will be assessed. The exam is individual, even in group exercise cases.

The course offers cultural and technical basis of Landscape Architecture for reading landscapes and developing projects for their transformation and conservation.
Looking at landscapes does not mean seeing landscapes; learning to see landscapes is necessary to inform projects that are designed to transform them and / or preserve them. The concepts of palimpsest, stratification, deep structure emerge and their basic dimensions of space and time take shape.
The deciphering of the palimpsest requires the study of the signs that it presents in its stratifications and the attribution to them of structural and functional meanings, according to a hierarchy that makes it possible to distinguish their belonging to the deep structure.
The signs are visible and legible indications of the materiality of the landscapes. Understanding their meanings requires the study of natural and / or cultural processes of their formations and evolutions. The study of material signs is also significant for the identification of visual relations and scenic connotations of landscapes those are immaterial qualifications. The course does not deal with the reading and design interpretation of other significant intangible identifications of landscapes that depend on peculiar relationships between their past and present cultural and induce a plurality of individual and social perceptions.
The reading of the landscape is poured into continuity in a process of signification aimed at the development of the design concept according to the prerequisites of consistency with the deep structure and with the resistant structures that refer to it. The exercise of continuity between reading and conception is aimed at making empirically understand the relevance of knowing to design and also of designing to know.
The course aims to stimulate and support the student in the critical training of his own culture and technique of the architectural project. Teaching is aimed at acquiring the basis for the identification of landscapes and the degrees of design freedom that they express for the sustainability of their transformations.
The course provides a basic disciplinary teaching. Anyway we recommend to deal with this course after the exams of "Analisi del territorio e degli insediamenti" (first year), “Fondamenti di urbanistica” (second year) and of the “Laboratori di progettazione dell’architettura” 1 and 2.
The course uses complementary teaching methods: lectures, field laboratories, landscape reading and design exercises, classroom reviews to support experiential learning.
The landscape reading and design exercise will consist of an A4 report of no less than 10 pages of text and 6 tables A1 of drawings, of which at least 3 are to read the landscape and the place of study. The low quantity of drawings and texts is aimed at elevating their quality through a reasonable amount of study time to devote to the conception and to the representation and communication. The exercise can be carried out individually or in groups of no more than three students. The theme and the project development requirements will be communicated by the teachers.
The student is invited to take care of his graphic abilities to represent the landscape and to elaborate and communicate the landscape project.
The development and the final discussion of the above quoted design exercise are required to take the exam. During the exam the theoretical and practical skills achieved by the students will be evaluated. The examination is also individual in case of group exercises.
The framework of the classroom and field activities is aimed at generating a parallelism between the teaching / learning process and the processing one. Both theoretical and applied teaching activities include explicit supports for understanding the meanings of the space / time dimensions and the tran-scalar / un-scalar characters of landscapes and projects for their transformations, as well as the instrumental role and the correct use of numerical scales for the graphic representation.

Specifically, the course includes the following chronological sequence of educational content:

Lesson 1
3 hs (total 3 hs)
Presentation of the educational program and of the exam exercise.

Lesson 2
2 hs (total 5 hs)
The landscape as palimpsest: tangible and intangible, natural and cultural.
The concept of di struttura profonda del landscape deep structure and its effectiveness for the project.

Lesson 3
3 hs (total 8 hs)
Looking, Thinking, Noting down: field trip survey for the preliminary identification of identities, potentialities and criticalities of the studied places and landscape.

Lesson 4
2 hs (total 10 hs)
Landscape Architecture basis: learning from international experiences - authors/projects/works.

Lesson 5
3 hs (total 13 hs)
Photographing: field trip survey for the interpretation of identities of the studied places and landscape.

Lesson 6
2 hs (total 15 hs)
Educational comments about students’ studies of the year 2018-2019.

Lesson 7
3 hs (total 18 hs)
Drawing: field trip survey for the graphic study of identities of the studied places and landscape.

Lesson 8
2 hs (total 20 hs)
Landscape Architecture basis: learning from international experiences - authors/projects/works.

Lesson 9
3 hs (total 23 hs)
Discussion of the ongoing design studies.

Lesson 10
2 hs (total 25 hs)
Landscape Architecture basis: learning from international experiences - authors/projects/works.

Lesson 11
3 hs (total 28 hs)
Discussion of the ongoing design studies.

Lesson 12
2 hs (total 30 hs)
Landscape Architecture basis: learning from international experiences - authors/projects/works.

Lesson 13
3 hs (total 33 hs)
Discussion of the ongoing design studies.

Lesson 14
2 hs (total 35 hs)
Landscape Architecture basis: learning from international experiences - authors/projects/works.

Lesson 15
3 hs (total 38 hs)
Discussion of the ongoing design studies.

Lesson 16
2 hs (total 40 hs)
Landscape Architecture basis: learning from international experiences - authors/projects/works.

Lesson 17
3 hs (total 43 hs)
Discussion of the ongoing design studies.

Lesson 18
2 hs (total 45 hs)
Landscape Architecture basis: learning from international experiences - authors/projects/works.

Lesson 19
3 hs (total 48 hs)
Course final synthesis.

Thinking on the term “Landscape”, we see that in English, Dutch and German the root is the same. It is based on a very strong tradition on naturalistic and ecologic studies. The term “Landscape” in Italian is quite similar to French and Spanish and it recalls a cultural approach based on an aesthetic perception. In Italy, this approach to the landscape as panorama has been strong in theory and practices, up to the year 2000, when the Landscape Convention was signed in Florence. From that date in academic world and in the professional practice, the meaning of landscape is changed. The concept of landscape, as indicated by the Convention, includes both a subjective component (human perception) and an objective component (the territory), giving to people a "landscape conscience". The Convention furthermore emphasizes the need to extend the focus from areas of greatest interest and environmental importance to all landscapes, standard or even compromised by the human settlement pressures. Thus, the design focus shifts from the protection of particular importance areas to landscape management and planning.
Therefore, the urban landscape design is one of the most important task for landscape architects. As landscape architects, we have to manage transformation in our cities, aiming at increasing qualities in the urban environment

Topics:
- Concept and approach to the landscape, legislative and regulatory references
- history pills of landscape architecture
- The landscape architecture masters
- Urban Landscape Design: analysis method, diagnosis, project.
- Urban Landscape Design: projects
- Green plans / Green infrastructures / linear systems of open spaces / Greenway and Blueway
- Tools for the design of periurban landscapes
- Themes (urban agriculture, pocket gardens, gardens in movement, Guerrilla Gardening, vertical gardens, roof gardens etc.)

Contents of the exercise to be developed in the 4/6 tables provided:
1. ANALYSIS. Analysis of open spaces. Vegetation structure. Connections (routes and roads). Functions. Emerging elements and critical issues. Visuality.
2. DIAGNOSIS. Criticality and potential. Strategies.
3. PROJECT. General Masterplan. Projects specific areas. Details