Definition of disease
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Cellular Pathology
Inflammation and Healing
Systemic Effects of Inflammation
Immunology and Immunopathology
Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Hemodinamic Disorders
Pathology of Growth and Differentiation
Oncology
Pathophysiology of Electrolyte Balance
Pathophysiology of Acid-base Balance
Pathophysiology of Lipid disorders and metabolic diseases (hyperuricemia, gout and diabetes)
• Robbins e Cotran: Le basi patologiche delle malattie (Casa Editrice Elsevier)
• Pontieri: Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale (Casa Editrice Piccin)
• Rubin – Patologia, Fondamenti clinicopatologici in medicina (Casa Editrice CEA)
Learning Objectives
After completing the course, the student will be able to understand: the aetiology and the pathogenesis of diseases, the mechanisms of adaptation and cell death; acute and chronic inflammatory processes and their systemic effects; the factors that influence the healing process; the basis of the immune response and the immunologic mechanisms in disease; the concepts of carcinogenesis and tumour progression, local and systemic effects of tumours; the criteria for classification of tumours; the mechanisms of cardiovascular disorders; the effects of altered physiology of oxygen transport; alterations of fluid and electrolyte and acid-base balance; the alterations of lipid and glucose metabolism. The student will be able to integrate the theoretical nursing knowledge and practices with the useful preclinical sciences to understand the complexity of the disease in individuals of all ages, groups and communities.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of anatomy, histology, biochemistry, genetics and physiology
Teaching Methods
Lectures and seminars.
Pdf or Power Point presentations will be utilised during the lessons and a copy of it will be available for the Students.
The slides of lesson will be available on the Moodle platform
Further information
Coordinator: Prof. Nicola Schiavone; email: nicola.schiavone@unifi.it; telefono: 0552751309
Teacher : Prof. Laura Papucci; email: lpapucci@unifi.it;telefono: 0552751298
Orario di ricevimento dei docenti del C.I.:
tutti i giorni previo appuntamento telefonico o tramite e-mai
Type of Assessment
The final test will consist in an oral exam or a computer multiple-choice test aimed at verifying the students' knowledge on the course topics. The oral examination consists on questions about the topics in the course program and in material available in Moodle platform. The final grade is made by evaluating the clarity of explanation, the ability to link and communication skills of the student.
Course program
Concepts of health and disease.
Concepts of the etiology and pathogenesis, the major causes of diseases, the host and susceptibility to diseases. Cellular pathology:
cell damage and the concept of elementary biochemical lesion, cellular response to injury, cell death: necrosis and apoptosis. Inflammation and Healing. Acute inflammation: Acute inflammation: vascular phenomena, plasma and tissue mediators, chemotaxis, physiology and biochemistry of phagocytosis, defects of phagocytosis, exudate and its chemical characteristics: erythematousus , serous, fibrinous, purulent, hemorrhagic inflammation. Chronic inflammation: chronic nonspecific inflammation and granulomatous inflammation. Healing process: regenerative and reparative processes, local and general factors affecting the process of healing, healing of specialized tissues (bone, muscle, nerve), complications of the healing (fibrosis). The systemic effects of inflammation: acute phase proteins and amyloidosis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, and fever. Physiological aspects of temperature control, exogenous and endogenous pyrogens, types of fever, metabolic changes of the feverish patient. Immunobiology and Immunopathology. Characteristics and determinants of innate and acquired immunity, definition of antigen, Receptor of B and T lymphocytes, The major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC class I and II), cellular and molecular basis of the immune response, effector mechanisms of the immune response, primary and secondary response to antigens, active and passive prophylaxis ((vaccination and anti-serum injection), Types of hypersensitivity reactions (I, II, III and IV type), autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and immune deficiencies. Hemodinamics disorders
physiology of the haemostatic process
anaemic, ischemic, hypoxic, histotoxic hypoxia
localized ischemia, thrombosis, embolism, arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis, generalized ischemia: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive and obstructive shock
Blood disorders
anaemia: classification criteria and systemic effects. Blood groups and transfusion reactions
Pathology of growth and differentiation
Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia
Oncology
classification of tumours, the biology of the tumour cell, aetiology, tumour progression and tumour metastasis, local effects and systemic effects of tumours: the cancer cachexia and paraneoplastic syndromes. Pathophysiology of fluid and electrolyte balance : localized and generalized oedema,
Pathophysiology of Lipids,
metabolic diseases: diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia and gout