B018930 - APPLIED CHEMISTRY WITH LABORATORY

Italian

First and second law of thermodynamics: concepts and applications. Ideal and real gases. Thermodynamics state functions. Thermochemistry. Phase transitions. Phase diagrams. Chemical potential. Chemical equilibrium. Solutions. Colligative properties. Surface tension. Numerical exercises and laboratory experiments on applied thermodynamics.

Peter W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
E. Fermi, Thermodynamics, Dover Publications Inc.

Knowledge acquired:
Physicochemical fundaments of thermody-namics dealing with first and second principles, state functions, ideal gases, real gases (Van der Waals), kinetics theory, colligative properties, chemical potential, phase transitions, chemical equilibrium, surface tension, capillary phenomena, UV-vis spectroscopy.
Competence acquired For solving numeric exercises dealing with the application of the thermodynamics concepts acquires from the frontal lessons, and for setting up, executing and interpreting some laboratory experimental measurements associated with the treated arguments. For understanding the thermodynamics variables connected to the cultural heritage decay phenomenology and to the materials/techniques for the preventive conservation.
Skills acquired (at the end of the course):
Skills for: (i) applying classical thermodynamics concepts to solve real questions, (ii) correctly interpreting all the experimental results, (iii) working in a physical chemistry laboratory, (iv) working in team, (v) writing a technical report dealing with an experiment of physical chemistry laboratory, (vi) orally exposing knowledge and competences acquired.

Courses to be used as requirements (required and/or recommended)

Courses required: none

Courses recommended: none

CFU:6

Contact hours for: Lectures (hours): 36

Contact hours for: Laboratory-field/practice (hours): 28

Frequency of lectures, practice and lab: Highly recommended

Written: presentation of a technical report dealing with the experiments carried out in the laboratory.
Oral: questions on the laboratory programme, on the lectures programme, on the interpretation of experimental results.

Remarks on thermodynamics: first law, heat and work; thermal capacities. State functions. Internal energy. Reversible and irreversible transformations. Cp and Cv. Isothermal expansion against null external pressure. Reversible and irreversible isothermal expansion. Meyer relationship. Enthalpy. Adiabatic expansions of ideal gases. Intensive and extensive parameters. Real gases: Van der Waals equation. Kinetics theory of ideal gases. Kinetics of the settling of solid-liquid dispersions and capillary suction profiles: Stokes, Young-Laplace, Kelvin e Washburn equations. Open, closed, isolated systems; heterogeneous and homogeneous; Gibbs phases. S, G, and F functions. One-component phase diagrams. Second law and entropy of ideal gases. p-V diagrams and Andrews shape. Energy equation. Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Gibbs-Helmoltz equation. Hess and Kirchhoff laws. Thermochemistry. Chemical potential and phase transitions. First and second order phase transitions. Ideal solutions. Vapour tension and colligative properties. Raoult law. Osmptic pressure and Van’t Hoff equation. Chemical equilibrium and Van’t Hoff law. Numerical exercise on applied thermodynamics.
Laboratory experiments on: determination of the adsorption kinetics of methylene blue on cellulose porous materials by means of visible spectrophotometry; determination of capillary rise profiles on porous (wood and lithoid) samples with and without filmogenic treatments and verification of Washburn equation on filter paper sheets; determination of mechanical properties and water absorption of painted aerial mortar samples; determination of the sedimentation kinetics of a solid-liquid dispersion (Ca(OH)2 in solvent) as a function of the liquid medium.